???�???????�?�?�???????? ???�???? ???�?????�?� ?�?�???�?? ???�?????�???�?�?� 1848 ???????? ?�?� ?????????????????�?�?????? ???�???????�?�?�?????????? ???�??????.

6 ?�?????�???? ?? ?�?�???????� ???????�?????? ?�?�?�???�???� ?�???�???????�?�?? 170-???�?�?????�?? ?�?�???�?? ???�?????�???�?�?� 1848 ????????.

?? 1848-1949 ???�???? ?????????????????? ???�?????? ?�???�?????� ?� ???�?�?????????� ???�??'???�?? ?????�???�??-???�???�???�???� ?????????�?????? ?�?�?????�?� ?�?�?�?�?�?????� ?� 13 ???�???�???�?�?�??, ???�???�?�?�?????� 6 ?�?????�????. ?�?????? ?�???�?? ?�?�???�???�???? ???�?????�???�?�?� ?� ?????�?????�?????????? ?????�?? ???????�?? ?�?�?�???�???????�??.

?? ?�???????? ?????�?� ?�?? ???�?�?� ?????�?????�?�?� ?� ?????????????????�?�???????? ???�???????�?�?�?????????? ???�??????, ???????? ?�???�?? ?????????�?�???? ???� ?�?�?????�?????�?� ????????-???�?�???�???�???????� ?�?�???????? ???�?�???�?� ?????�???�????????.

?�???�?????� ???????????????????? ?�?????�???????�???� ???????? ???�???�?�?? ?�???�?� ?????????�?�?�?? ???????????�???�?�, ?????� ?�?�?�???�?�?????? ?????????�???�?� ???�???????�. ?�?�?? ???????�?????????� ?????????????? ???�?????? ?�???�?? ???�???�???? ???????� ?�?????????? ?????�?????�?????? - ?????�?????� ?�?�???�???????�???????????????????? ???????????????????? ?�?????�???????�???� ????????, ???????? ?????�???????�?? ?????? ?�???�?????�?? ???�???????�?????? ???�???????�?�?�?????????? ???�??????. ?�?� ???�?????�?�???? ?�???�?? ???????�?�???�?�?�???� ?�?�?�?�?�?� ?�?�?�???�?????? ???� ?�?�???�?? ?????�???�??-?�?�???????????????�?? ?????????????????� ???�???�?�????. ?�?�???�?�?????�?�?�?? ?�???�?� ?????????�???�???� ???�?�?� ???�?�?????? ?�?� ???????? ?????????? ???????�??????, ?????�?????? ?�???? ???????????�???�?? ?�?� ?�?????�?�?????? ?????�???????�???�?? ?????? ???????? ?????�???�??.

?? ?????????????� ???????� ?�???????? ?�???�???????? ?????�???? ???� ???????�?�?????? ???�?????�???�?�?????�???�?? 1848 ????????, ?????� ?????�?????�?� ?? ?�??????, ?�???� ?�???�?? ???�?�???�???�???? ???????�?� ?????�?�????, ???� ???�???????�???????? ???????�?????�?�?? ???� ?�?�?????�?????�?� ?????????�?????? ?�?�?? ?????�???????�???�?? ?????????????????? ??????????. ?�?? ?????????? ???????????�???�?? ?????�?????�???�?� ?�???� ???????�???� ???????? ?�?� ???�???� ?????�???�???????????????� ?�???? ?�-?�?�?� ???�. ?�???�???� ???????�?� ?�???????� ?? ???????�?� ???????�?????�?�.

?�?�?�?�?? ?�?�???�???�???????? ?????�?�???????? ?????�???�?????? ???????�?�???????� ?????�???� ?�?????�???�, ?�?????????�???????? ?�?�?????? ?�?� ???????�?�???�???????? ???�?????�?? ???? ???�?????�?�??'?�?? ?? ???�???????�?�?�?????????? ???�??????.